Talk:Intifada

1. 1. Etymology

Another reference to cite for the word root:

https://www.almaany.com/en/dict/ar-en/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B6/

https://www.almaany.com/ar/dict/ar-en/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:8D80:1398:4AD0:C7FB:93CB:5BB1:FA99 (talk) 03:36, 30 April 2024 (UTC)

US Occupation

I think that the section for describing 'the iraq intifada' should not say "aimed at ending the US Occupation of Iraq". It seems to lack objectivity of the author, just as writing "aimed at ending the US Liberation of Iraq" would.

A more proper wording would be "aimed at ending the US military presence in Iraq".

-- Popoi

It is occupation

Well, what's happening in Iraq IS Occupation NOT Presence!

--Riyadhawi

They're the same thing, except "occupation" is a negative word, particularly when you capitalize it like that. Speaking of which, I think its use in the phrase "directed at ending the Israeli military occupation" is negative towards Israel, particularly since many, including intifada participants, will say that the intifada is aimed at obliterating Israel as a state and/or the Jews altogether, not just the occupation of Palestinian-populated areas. One can hardly say, for example, that Jerusalem, a major Palestinian goal (at the very least to share) is merely occupied by the Israeli military. I am going to change the wording to something legitimately biaseless, i.e. expressing both views.

--James

Third Intifada on FB

   NYT Tuesday has

Facebook Removes ‘Palestinian Intifada’ Page By JENNIFER PRESTON

5:43 p.m. | Updated After complaints by Israeli government officials and Jewish organizations in the United States, Facebook took down a page today by Palestinian supporters that called for violence against Jews and an uprising against Israel.

The page, entitled “Third Palestinian Intifada,” began earlier this month as a call for peaceful protests in the occupied Palestinian territories on May 15, one of more than a dozen Facebook pages that have been used in recent months to mobilize uprisings across the Middle East and North Africa.

[NYT article continues]

   One quirk of the story is the use of "Third Intifada" to refer to the same proposed activity on two contradictory logical grounds:

A.

1. First Palestinian Intifada
2. Second Palestinian Intifada
3. Third Palestinian Intifada

B.

1. Tunisian First Intifada
2. Egyptian Second Intifada
3. Palestinian Third Intifada

   Surely we need to cover this as a FaceBook topic, notwithstanding two earlier years' deletions of earlier would-be-Third Intifada wannabe articles.
--Jerzy•t 01:27 & 01:56, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

   I refer above to Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Third Intifada (fall 2010, delete) and Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Third intifada (winter 2007, merge to Khaled Mashal apparently w/o Rdr).
--Jerzy•t 01:35 & 01:56, 30 March 2011 (UTC)

Palestinian intifada nonviolent?

The first and second Palestinian intifadas included suicide bombers, stone throwing etc. Under History, it says it was intended to be nonviolent.

Even if it's meant to show intention only, it should also state that they were, in fact, violent.

If this part under History refers to the INTENT to represent it as non violent, that should be stated.

That's both for complete encyclopedic content and because in these complicated times of the current Israeli-Palestinian war, uneducated supporters who don't know what intifada is or can't tell the difference between Hamas and Palestinians search Wikipedia for affirmation for supporting Hamas, and they then call for intifada because "it means revolution" while to others like Hamas it means violent deeds like suicide bombings.

Yes, this is an encyclopedia, not an opinion column. But this section showing the first and second intifadas as non violent does the truth injustice in practice. Our purpose is to convey the facts well, this may fail at that.

Peace be upon both nations.

... in the First and Second Intifadas, where it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence.

2A0D:6FC2:64A0:B00:7C45:9BEF:DB18:BBAC (talk) 11:38, 2 November 2023 (UTC)

The sentence seems to be eliding a lot, as the second intifada was in 2000, 15 years later and after the First Intifada had turned violent. The term in 2000 did not necessarily have the same connotation it had in the late 80s.The Second Intifada began violent on September 29, 2000, immediately after Sharon went to the Temple Mount, and both sides used violent rhetoric immediately with the militant terms this article says weren't used. 67.242.46.6 (talk) 02:05, 7 December 2023 (UTC)

Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 6 December 2023

The article is extremely misleading. It makes the reader believe that the Palestinian Intifadas were non violent - or intended to be non violent. But the truth is that both intifadas were indeed very violent from day 1. I can find numerous examples of this violence. If a suicide bomber on a bus is a “nonviolent” act than i guess no one is violent.

I will of course bring all the evidence needed - both for the definition of intifada and for the actual events that happened under it. Please let the truth be written!

Here’s one for the definition: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/intifada Bozzidag (talk) 12:05, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

 Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Liu1126 (talk) 13:43, 6 December 2023 (UTC)

The article is clearly written with bias towards the view that it is a non-violent movement. The words used to describe it as peaceful include positive terms like "solidarity" and "support," while the two sentences about the inherent violence dismissively use phrases like "alleged" and "feel." 68.112.18.142 (talk) 16:43, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

ok. I would add to the first paragraph:

"An intifada (Arabic: انتفاضة intifāḍah) is a rebellion or uprising, or a resistance movement. It is a key concept in contemporary Arabic usage referring to a uprising against oppression. In the Israeli - Palestinian conflict context, it refers to violent or non - violent uprising or opposition by the Palestinian people to the Israeli occupation.

== Notes ==

== References ==

• Intidada Definition, Cambridge Dictionary
• Brinkley, Joel (1988). "sustained violence that has become known by the Arabic word for uprising, intifada", The New York Times.
• Bard, Mitchell (2005). "This uprising or intifada was violent from the start." Jewish Virtual Library.
• Balsam, Avi (2023). "Intifada revolution(...) a term which connotes violent uprising against Jews", The Tech.
• Geraghty, Jim (2023) "Calling for an “intifada” is calling for a violent uprising", National Review.

Bozzidag (talk) 17:00, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

 Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{Edit extended-protected}} template.  Spintendo  23:09, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

Well, I don’t see a raging debate here, and I had one other person in this thread agreeing with me, plus another person complaining before about the same problem in this article (painting intifada as an almost hippie movement, which is absurd).

I understand that this edit is controversial, and you can read and take what you think is more important from what I’ve added, but please note that I did add references and sources for my claims, and not one, but five. Also, I dare you to find anything that I wrote that is NOT factual. I think it is politically biased to ignore ALL of it. Thanks Bozzidag (talk) 10:41, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

 Done with some other sources. ARandomName123 (talk)^{Ping me!} 18:47, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

History Section

I request to add citations and change some of this text:

'In the Palestinian context, the word refers to attempts to "shake off" the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the First and Second Intifadas, where it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence.'

Ok. but i'd like to add :

In actuality, the first Intifada consisted of violent attacks on Israeli troops and civilians with stones, axes, Molotov cocktails, hand grenades, explosives, and firearms, as well as nonviolent actions such as mass boycotts, civil disobedience, and Palestinians refusing to work jobs in Israel.

 Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the {{Edit extended-protected}} template.  Spintendo  23:10, 31 December 2023 (UTC)

Again, where is the raging debate ??

I understand that this edit is controversial, because this is an emotional and politically charged issue, but again, you can read and take what you think is more important from what I’ve added, but please note that I did add references and sources for my claims, and not one, but four. Once again, I dare you to find anything that I wrote that is NOT factual. I think it is politically biased to ignore ALL of it. Thanks Bozzidag (talk) 10:43, 9 January 2024 (UTC)

 Not done - stale, contested request. * Pppery * _{it has begun...} 01:31, 31 March 2024 (UTC)

References

References

• The Intifada: 1987-1990, Anti-Defamation League, 2022
• "The First Intifada was (...) attacks (using rocks, Molotov cocktails, and occasionally firearms) on Israelis." What you need to know about the 1987 Intifada, PBS, 2019
• "the Palestinians shifted from throwing rocks and Molotov cocktails at Israeli targets to attacking them with rifles, hand grenades, and explosives" Intifada, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• 'We threw one Molotov at the beginning'(...)'We'd go down there and throw stones and Molotovs' Jaafar recalled", Inside the Intifada, Joel Brinkley, The New York Times, 1987.

Bozzidag (talk) 17:57, 8 December 2023 (UTC)

rewording and adding reference to related source

the wording is confusing with the double or, here is my sugested rewording it and add link to relevant source on wikipedia according to WP:BUILD.

change:

it refers to violent or non-violent uprising or opposition by the Palestinian people to the Israeli occupation.

to:

it refers to non-violent opposition or violent uprising by the Palestinian people to the Israeli occupation. 79.176.106.171 (talk) 01:08, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

sources on violence vs nonviolence

The lead says that 'intifada' refers to violent or non-violent uprising or opposition by the Palestinian people to the Israeli occupation. But the sources do not support this. The sources cited are an Economist article that says Violence is a hallmark of an intifada, a Vox article which says that the First Intifada included both violent and non-violent actions, and a Deutsche Welle article that says nothing about non-violence, but simply summarizes the facts of the two violent intifadas in the history of Israel-Palestine. I therefore propose this revision: In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict context, it refers to uprising or opposition by the Palestinian people to the Israeli occupation, characteristically involving violent resistance, and also sometimes involving nonviolent methods of resistance. Shinealittlelight (talk) 19:31, 26 April 2024 (UTC)

@Shinealittlelight: The sources you provided here proves the point, that it involved both violent and non-violent methods. Relying exclusively on the Economist charachterization is cherrypicking a POV; I await your self-reversion. Makeandtoss (talk) 11:42, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Again the body makes it clear that in the I-P context the two intifadas were characterized by violence. And while the economist source is the most explicit that the “hallmark” of the intifadas was violence, all sources describe the violence in detail. So no cherry picking. Just accurate summary. Shinealittlelight (talk) 11:49, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

@Shinealittlelight: The body makes no such claims:

“ In the Palestinian context, the word refers to attempts to "shake off" the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the First and Second Intifadas, where it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence. The First Intifada was characterized by protests and violent riots, especially stone-throwing, while the Second Intifada was characterized by a period of heightened violence. The suicide bombings carried out by Palestinian assailants became one of the more prominent features of the Second Intifada and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the First Intifada. ”

Furthermore, the different definitions provided by yourself proves that such claim is not factually correct. I still await your self-reversion, as the burden of verifiability and reaching consensus is on the editor making a claim per WP:BRD and WP:BURDEN. Makeandtoss (talk) 12:44, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Neither intifada involved 21st-century-Western-style nonviolent protests, which is a difficult norm to achieve without our built-up advantage in state capacity. If you look at the Britannica page, the term "protests" is not used at all -- "riots" is what we'd call the same actions in the US, because they all involved extreme physical violence against Israelis and property. Already the action plans released daily by the PLO during 1987-9 generally included an instruction to throw stones and Molotov cocktails at Israelis and passing cars. However, the "intifada of stones and Molotov cocktails" (as declared by the PLO in 1987; PIJ tried to reframe it as an "intifada of knives" in 1990) was definitely less violent than the Second Intifada, which from its inception attempted to achieve higher Israeli casualties by using mostly guns and heavy explosives. GordonGlottal (talk) 14:05, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

"21st-century-Western-style nonviolent protests". Ah, yes, western protests are inherently non-violent, and those savage non-westerner protests are inherently violent. Sorry to be blunt, but it is mind-boggling that anyone believes this and edits Wikipedia based on these prejudices. Makeandtoss (talk) 14:44, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

No idea what you're talking about. In the United States in 2024, "protest" by default refers to a group of people standing on a street corner with placards chanting slogans. Neither intifada took this form. The characteristic action of the first intifada was a group of Palestinians throwing up an improvised roadblock and defending it with stones and Molotov cocktails, while the characteristic action of the second intifada was a suicide bombing or knife or gun attack on a crowded street. GordonGlottal (talk) 15:02, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Yes, like the Daunte Wright protests, where westerners stood on a street corner peacefully with placards chanting slogans, and did not largely engage in any acts of rioting, looting, and arson. While of course the non-western 2018–2019 Gaza border protests were charachterized by suicide kites, and was not largely peaceful (the peaceful protestors were massacred anyway by the Israeli army). This dichotomy does not exist; let's start editing Wikipedia based on what reliable sources say, not what our prejudices say. Makeandtoss (talk) 15:28, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Remember that, even stipulating we have some sort of disagreement, this is not a forum for political disputes. The Daunte Wright page begins "Protests and civil disorder occurred." In this sentence "protests" refers to protests, and "civil disorder" refers to the "rioting, looting, and arson" that you mention. "Civil disorder" is used in addition to "protests" because these actions are not normally defined under "protests" without the modifier "violent" or etc. GordonGlottal (talk) 18:51, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

The article is nevertheless still called Daunte Wright protests, not Daunte Wright Riots. I agree this is not a forum for political disputes, this is a forum to demonstrate in it that we as editors have a responsibility to edit according to reliable sources, not according to baseless prejudices. Makeandtoss (talk) 12:21, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

I agree that the body says the term was chosen to connote nonviolence. But the fact that it was chosen to connote nonviolence is consistent with the fact, also established by sources, that the intifadas ended up being characterized by violence anyway. And the fact that they were characterized by violence is established by the quote you provide: the first intifada was characterized by protests and violent riots (note, it definitely does not say "non-violent protests" but rather protests and violent riots) and the second intifada was even more violent, and was characterized by a period of hightened violence. So again, these intifadas were characterized by violence, per all the sources and the current body. Our lead should reflect this.

The current state of consensus is this: there was an inaccurate version of the lead, I pointed this out on talk above (on 26 April), proposed my alternative, waited a day, saw no response, and changed the lead accordingly. You are now here wanting to propose a new edit. You need to gain consensus to enact that new edit. Shinealittlelight (talk) 13:18, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

@Shinealittlelight: RS, including the ones you provided above, do not agree that the first intifada was mainly violent:

“ Daniel Lefkowitz, a professor of language and culture in the Middle East at the University of Virginia who lived in Israel for several years in the early 2000s, hypothesized that, for most Palestinians, the word brings up memories of the First Intifada, a largely non-violent Palestinian protest largely involving work stoppages, boycotts and demonstrations. Some Palestinians also attacked Israelis, mostly with small weapons such as rocks or Molotov cocktails, and on some occasions with firearms or grenades. [1] ”

If anything the intifadas were characterized by even deadlier and more violent Israeli repression. This is both cherrypicking of RS and of information. I still await your self-reversion because the claim that the intifadas were charachterized by violence is a claim you are trying to insert, and one I am trying remove; the burden again is on you. Makeandtoss (talk) 14:59, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

I agree that one source says Professor Lefkowitz thinks that the first intifada was "largely nonviolent". Several other sources characterize the intifadas as characterized by violence as indicated. But in any case the opinion of this single person seems WP:UNDUE to me in light of the totality of the sources.

I don't understand the relevance of your claim about "Israeli repression". The sources indicate that the intifadas were characterized by violence. That's consistent with your claim about "Israeli repression" so I don't understand why you're bringing that up. Nobody needs to dispute your claim.

As for the current state of the article, you need consensus for a new edit, as explained above. Shinealittlelight (talk) 15:25, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

@Shinealittlelight: Reliable sources simply disagree:

• "In contrast to the First Intifada, which was predominantly peaceful, the Second Intifada was violent." [2]
• "While the first Intifada was a peaceful people's revolt, the second became a violent battle between the elites of both sides who had failed to formulate a shared vision for a solution of the conflict." [3]

WP:BURDEN: "The burden to demonstrate verifiability lies with the editor who adds or restores material." You restored the material that the protests were characterized by violence and the burden is on you to demonstrate verifiability. I have went out of my way to refute the alleged universality of this claim and I am still waiting for your self-revert. Makeandtoss (talk) 15:39, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Helpful sources, thanks. I think part of the problem here is that terms like "predominately peaceful" are vague. Let's go for the facts. For example, this source [4] gives us some hard facts: The first intifada began as demonstrations, strikes, riots and violence ... an Israeli was stabbed to death while shopping in Gaza ... Mass rioting broke out in Jabalya ... a 17-year-old youth was killed by an Israeli soldier after throwing a Molotov cocktail at an army patrol ... rock-throwing, blocked roads and tyre burnings were reported throughout the territories ... six Palestinians had been killed and 30 injured in the violence ... rioters threw a gasoline bomb at the US consulate in East Jerusalem ... 16 Israeli civilians and 11 soldiers were killed by Palestinians in the territories, but more than 1,400 Israeli civilians and 1,700 Israeli soldiers were injured... I propose that we summarize these facts and then cite the mixed sources that disagree about whether this constitutes a violent uprising. We could then discuss how to alter the lead to summarize the new material in the body. Sound good? Shinealittlelight (talk) 16:15, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Meaning of predominantly in the dictionary: for the most part; it is a clear word that is not vague. This sounds to me like original research and irrelevant anyway. The violence vs nonviolence of these revolts is not relevant to the article. We do not discuss whether Sahara's intifadas were violent vs nonviolent; we do not discuss whether the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was violent or consisted of peaceful chants with placards. This is not relevant to the article in any case. Makeandtoss (talk) 17:11, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

Are you saying that the quote I provided from the Seddon source is original research? It is not: it is a quote from the book I linked. You wanted to include some information from the sources you found: that these particular scholars think that the first intifada was "predominately peaceful". I've suggested a way we can do this neutrally given that sources conflict: we can provide context by summarizing the facts in the reliable source I found, and then attribute the mixed opinions on whether the facts amount to a violent or nonviolent uprising. If you've changed your mind and don't want to include the material from the sources you found, that's fine too, I'm fine with leaving it as-is. Shinealittlelight (talk) 17:52, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

No, the quote is not original research, what you are trying to do with the quote is analyze it and come up with your own personal conclusions, which is original research. Wikipedia reports the conclusions of reliable sources, not of editors, and reliable sources as demonstrated above disagree that the first intifada was characterized by violence. I am sure you will act in good faith to discuss this, seeking consensus here per WP:BURDEN, and not restoring your preferred version by inserting a claim that contradicts reliable source provided above. Makeandtoss (talk) 12:23, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

What was the "personal conclusion" I drew? Shinealittlelight (talk) 13:05, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

This course of action seems like original research: "I propose that we summarize these facts and then cite the mixed sources that disagree about whether this constitutes a violent uprising." And is anyway, as mentioned, not related to the article, since we are not discussing the tactics and the contexts of the Warsaw, Iraqi or Sahrawi intifadas. Makeandtoss (talk) 13:09, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Summarizing the facts from a reliable source and then adding the sources you mentioned is OR? No, that's incorrect. Also, you're now engaged in an edit war. Please revert to the version before and gain consensus for your new version. Shinealittlelight (talk) 13:13, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Summarizing the facts to come up with one's personal conclusions is OR. There's no edit war here so far and there is no such thing as new version in WP policy. Any additions to the article require consensus. If any claim is inserted and is disputed, especially in this case which was only as recent as a few days added, then consensus is required for its addition. If consensus is not reached between the three of us then the next step would be an RFC. Re-adding contested material without consensus would be edit warring. This is how WP processes work. Makeandtoss (talk) 13:19, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

What was the personal conclusion? You never said. Shinealittlelight (talk) 13:34, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Analyzing the events of the intifada and concluding if it was violent/nonviolent, which was called "summarizing", and then contrasting with RS provided above. In any case, this is still not relevant to the article, which makes no mention what the tactics of the countless other intifadas were. Makeandtoss (talk) 13:46, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

I did not propose a conclusion of my own about the events of the intifada. I proposed adding the description of the events of the intifada from the source I found, and then adding the opinion about those events from our various sources. My opinion did not come into it. Shinealittlelight (talk) 13:52, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Retroactive use of word intifada

it seems many conflicts have recently been added to indicate they were intifadas.

The editors should confirm that these were called as intifadas in that time.

There is an attempt to normalize the term intifada outside of the Palestinian context. Where it never was used as such.

Simply translating all uprisings as intifadas is not intellectually honest 174.141.173.97 (talk) 13:06, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

I agree and I'm particularly concerned by our reference to the "concept" of intifada. What we list are examples of popular uprisings that are referred to as "intifada" by modern media, none of these were called intifada at the time and it's not at all clear to me that there's anything that unifies these conceptually to the exclusion of other events. I'm going to remove the content and someone can add it back if they find a source. GordonGlottal (talk) 18:56, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

"no nuance of violence"

I tried to track down the source of the claim that it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence. The cite given is to Mary E. King, A Quiet Revolution (2007), p. 208. King says there They had revived the word intifada deliberately, as a linguistically nonviolent construction because it carries no implication of violence, from its earlier use in the student struggles of the 1980s but she doesn't cite any source. In an earlier book (Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. (1999) p. 470) King says The choice of the term intifada, or ‘shaking off’, was itself linguistically nonviolent which is somewhat more limited, and cites this to "Jonathan Kuttab, interview with author, Jerusalem, 8 June 1988".

Kuttab is a very interesting commentator on the conflict, but I'm concerned that he doesn't define "nonviolent" in the way Wiki readers will expect. Two months before Kuttab's interview with Mary E. King, you can watch him on YouTube clarifying that he means throwing stones, which he considers "relatively speaking, within that context" nonviolent. You can read in Mary E. King's book (p. 259ff) a sympathetic treatment of intifada leaders' take on the nonviolence of stone-throwing. In any case, I think we should look for other sources or note explicitly that the First Intifada can only be said to have been significantly non-violent if stone-throwing is defined as non-violent. GordonGlottal (talk) 23:03, 2 May 2024 (UTC)

I don't think you've got that quite right. The current source isn't to King's book, but to an article called "Birth, Transformation, and Death of Refugee Identity: Women and Girls of the Intifada". There, she cites a 1991 paper (then in press) by Judith Martin. Martin makes the claim explicitly, and cites a personal interview with Faisal Husseini, who evidently told Martin he chose this word (along with other Palestinian leaders) because of it's connotation. Shinealittlelight (talk) 00:40, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

Warsaw

@Ploni: Please self-revert your last edit to bring yourself in compliance with WP:1RR. [5] [6] Makeandtoss (talk) 15:49, 3 May 2024 (UTC)

@Ploni: Violating 1RR, removing sourced material and ignoring the talk page is not going to sit well at ARBCOM. Makeandtoss (talk) 08:23, 4 May 2024 (UTC)