Talk:Circumflex

Portuguese

Regarding the use of the circumflex in Portuguese, it is said to mark "roundedness" of a word. Where does this information come from, originally? As a native Portuguese speaker, I had never heard of the circumflex as denoting roundedness, denoting rather closedness, much the same as the French acute accent. However, seeing that diacritics in general in Portuguese are "skewed", I'm uncertain if this sort of information has a historical backing.--Wtrmute 18:46, 24 Mar 2005 (UTC)

You are quite right, Wtrmute. in Portuguese, the circumflex indicates a close-mid vowel, or a central vowel. I have corrected this in the article. S.V., 15 Nov 2005.

Aleut

I noticed in the article on Aleut that ĝ and x̂ are used, but neither there nor here are they explained. Anyone? — Michael J 05:37, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Circumflex-below

Despite them appearing in the sidebar list, there's no mention of circumflex-below in the article (Ḓ ḓ Ḙ ḙ Ḽ ḽ Ṋ ṋ Ṱ ṱ Ṷ ṷ), apparently used in Bantu languages (particularly Venda) for dental and labiodental consonants.

Does anyone know enough to expand that into a useful paragraph to add to the language? — OwenBlacker (Talk) 20:44, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

What letter??

The ~ above the Spanish n arose from another n. The double-dot above a, o, or u arose from an e. The ring above a Swedish a arose from an a. What letter did this symbol arise from?? Georgia guy (talk) 15:52, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

As currently explained in the "Pitch" section, the circumflex is originally a combination of the Greek acute accent and grave accent. – Simo Kaupinmäki (talk) 17:56, 15 September 2012 (UTC)

Strange use in Latin words

What's with the use of the circumflex in primâ facie? It is used in the Henry Burton (Puritan) article, and in this Russell edition they even added it (also à priori). Is it a replacement for a macron? Or a gallicism? --87.162.10.114 (talk) 05:20, 4 December 2009 (UTC)

In both of those examples, the circumflex and grave accent are placed on long vowels, like macrons. But not all long vowels are marked; the completely marked forms would be prīmā faciē, ā priōrī. The ablative ending of prīmā was marked in Medieval Latin more than other long vowels, because it would be identical with the nominative (prīma) if it weren't marked.

I don't get why the à priori has a grave accent, though. Probably it's imitating French, as you say. — Eru·tuon 21:22, 23 January 2011 (UTC)

Medieval Latin (and Reinassance)

I’m pretty much sure that the curcumflex accent was used to signal the long vowels in latin, especially in those words what would become ambiguous without some kind of accent. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 93.39.196.69 (talk) 18:12, 3 August 2011 (UTC)

True but not only. It also represented a lost 's' (hôpital in Fr, vs hospital in Eng, etc.) but had a checquered history as used differently by different creators or promotors of reformed writing. Muleiolenimi (talk) 22:21, 12 July 2023 (UTC)

Colloquial names

Could these be added (since Welsh has a colloquial term): "Chinese hat" in English, "Dach" in German? Also mention of its use in English (although all [?] loanwords from French): rôle (alternative spelling, not italic in SOED). 213.222.131.222 (talk) 09:11, 4 February 2010 (UTC)

Greek circumflex

In the example, why is the circumflex used in its tilde-like form in "νοῦς", then used in its modern form in "noûs", which is the transliteration of the former? Entries of Ancient Greek words in Wiktionary have the same pattern. ZFT (talk) 16:48, 3 September 2015 (UTC)

It's just a font difference. In the font you and I have, the Greek circumflex has the tilde form, but the Latin circumflex has the classic circumflex form. Perhaps there are fonts where the Greek circumflex has the typical circumflex form, but it would be too difficult to force Greek text to display in those fonts and not the tilde-circumflex fonts. — Eru·tuon 23:47, 3 September 2015 (UTC)

Use in Kurdish

I know it is used in (some varieties?) of Kurdish for marking a long vowel, so once I find a source I'll add that. I thought it was already here, but I must be misremembering. Auvon (talk) 08:10, 26 November 2016 (UTC)

@Auvon: There's some information at Kurdish alphabets which shows the Hawar alphabet as having 5 additional letters from the basic Latin, including E, I, & U with circumflexes, and a Universal Kurdish alphabet which extends this further (but not with additional circumflexes). Hope this helps. - Ryk72 ^'c.s.n.s.' 09:23, 26 November 2016 (UTC)

Thanks! I found a reference for use in Kurmanji. Auvon (talk) 20:38, 26 November 2016 (UTC)

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Cyrillic?

The intro says that circumflex exists in Cyrillic scripts, but gives no examples of that. The closest thing is the transliteration of Bulgarian Cyrillic into Latin – but that still makes it a Latin diacritic. The Russian page doesn't mention any use on Cyrillic characters. Remove? //91.192.114.5 (talk) 10:35, 20 December 2017 (UTC)

Hats in chats

I came here to know what it means when people write a single "^" in online chats but nothing. So who can help? --SCIdude (talk) 06:31, 29 January 2019 (UTC)

"˄" listed at Redirects for discussion

An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect ˄ and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 May 8#˄ until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 11:25, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

The hat operator denotes a function

Austronesier has claimed that "Among the various functions of the hat operator in mathematics, NONE denotes a function in the mathematical sense." However, according to the article Operator (mathematics), "In mathematics, an operator is generally a mapping or function that ...".

The three terms, "operator", "mapping", and "function" are synonyms, though varying traditions in different areas of mathematics result in varying nomenclature.

In Screw theory § Algebra of screws, for example, the argument of the function corresponding to the ˆ is a vector and the value is a matrix.

Peter Brown (talk) 21:57, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Sylvius' circumflex

Sylvius, a key figure in spreading the use of the circumflex in French, also used it astride 2 neighbouring vowels to indicate a "coalescent, blended ou lengthened" vowel. I am trying to find a character or "combining diacritical mark" allowing me to reproduce this. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks! Muleiolenimi (talk) 12:30, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

No immediate solution but it might be worth reposting your question at talk:diacritic? 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 12:59, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Have you seen Diacritic#List of diacritics in Unicode? 𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 13:02, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Thanks, looked there but nothing seems to fit. For now,~on MS Word, I'm using U+0136 then condensing the preceding vowel and combining accent by 1.8pt. It just about works, but for Word. Haven't tried on an html page yet. Will check https://onlinetools.com/unicode/add-combining-characters Muleiolenimi (talk) 19:27, 13 July 2023 (UTC)

Is ◌᷍◌ what you want? (Maybe o᷍u?) We have examples from English and Faroese. If you can provide an example from French, it would be good to add that to Wiktionary. — kwami (talk) 21:33, 6 August 2023 (UTC)

Thanks for your reply!

◌᷍◌ looks like it might do the trick, but I'm on an old computer and I cannot see the examples on this page properly (and the coding doesn't seem to be visible on the source page either).

I have plenty of source examples (eg jpg from pdf), or those I created on Word

Do you know the html or unicode? Muleiolenimi (talk) 14:47, 7 August 2023 (UTC)

The diacritic links to the Wiktionary entry, which has the html etc. info. — kwami (talk) 17:18, 7 August 2023 (UTC)