Types of Nazi camps
![Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison.[1][2]](/wiki/File:Litom%C4%9B%C5%99ice_and_Terez%C3%ADn_map.png)
The phrase "Nazi concentration camp" is often used loosely to refer to various types of internment sites operated by Nazi Germany.[3] More specifically, Nazi concentration camps refers to the camps run by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.[4] The Nazi regime employed various types of detention and murder facilities within Germany and the territories it conquered, while Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities on their territories.
The editors of Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos estimate that these sites totaled more than 42,500 locations, of which 980 were Nazi concentration camps proper.[5]
Nazi Germany[edit]
Types of detention and murder facilities employed by the Nazi regime included:[3][4][6]
| Type | German name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Civilian workers camp | Gemeinschaftslager | |
| Custody camp | Haftlager | |
| Civilian internment camp | Internierungslager (Ilag) | Camp to hold Allied civilians, caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army |
| Camp for Jews | Judenlager (Julag), Umschulungslager, Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden | |
| Concentration camp | Konzentrationslager | Camp for the mass detention without trial of civilians, ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc. |
| Early camps | ||
| Aktion T4 Euthanasia centers | Euthanasie-Tötungsanstalt, T4-Tötungsanstalt | Centers for murder of mentally ill or physically disabled people by involuntary euthanasia |
| Extermination camp | Vernichtungslager | Six killing centers for the dedicated purpose of systematic mass murder, primarily of Jews. |
| Forced (slave) labor camp | Zwangsarbeitslager | |
| Ghetto | Ghetto | |
| Germanization facilities | ||
| Gestapo camps | ||
| Gypsy camps | Zigeunerlager | |
| Housing camp | Wohnlager | |
| Labor camp | Arbeitslager | |
| Military brothels | ||
| National Labor Service camp | RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)-Lager | |
| Penal or punishment camp | Strafgefangenenlager and Straflager | |
| Preferential camp | Vorzugslager | |
| Prisoner-of-war camp | Kriegsgefangenenlager | Imprisonment camp for Allied military personnel captured and held under the terms of the Third Geneva Convention |
| Police custody camp | Polizeihaftlager | |
| Prisons | ||
| Satellite camp | Außenkommando | Camp built outside of the main concentration camp as a forced labor camp |
| Security camp | Schutzhaftlager | |
| Special camp | Sonderlager | |
| Workers education camp | Arbeitserziehungslager | |
| Work house | Arbeitshaus | |
| Transit camp | Durchgangslager | Camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps. |
| Youth protection camp | Jugendschutzlager | |
| Youth detention camp | Jugendverwahrungslager |
Nazi Allies[edit]
Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities, including:[7]
- Internment camps in Bulgaria
- Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia
- Internment camps in Finland
- Internment camps in France
- Internment camps in Hungary
- Internment camps of Italy
- Concentration camps in Norway
- Internment camps of Romania
- Internment camps in the Slovak State
- Internment camps in Tunisia
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu [Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp. 79, 82–83. ISBN 978-80-264-1900-6.
- ^ Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
- ^ a b "Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume I, Editor’s Introduction to the Series and Volume I
- ^ Lichtblau, Eric (1 March 2013). "The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Kaiser, Anne; Weinmann, Martin (1998). Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem [The Nazi Camp System] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins. p. lxxxix-cxxxiv. ISBN 978-3-86150-261-6.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume III, table of contents