Five Trees
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The Five Trees in Paradise is an esoteric or allegorical image from the Coptic Gospel of Thomas, a collection of logia (sayings) of Jesus.
(19) Jesus said, "Blessed is he who came into being before he came into being. If you become My disciples and listen to My words, these stones will minister to you. For there are five trees for you in Paradise which remain undisturbed summer and winter and whose leaves do not fall. Whoever becomes acquainted with them will not experience death."[1]
"Blessed is he who was before he came into being" is similar to other enigmatic statements commonly found in mysticism, and may[citation needed] refer to the benefits of self-awareness (knowledge of one's true nature) before developing one's ego-identity. "If you [listen], these stones will minister to you," may refer to "listening" to the true self within – accurately tracing the internal by observing the external — or it may[citation needed] mean that only through self-awareness are we able to understand Jesus' symbolic language and master external reality.
In the Acts of Thomas ch. 27, during an anointing ceremony, the apostle implores, "Come, elder of the five members, mind, thought, reflection, consideration, reason; communicate with these young men."[2] According to Theodore Bar Konai,[3] the five words for 'mind' are the equivalents of hauna (sanity), mad'a (reason), re'yana (mindfulness), mahshebhatha (imagination), tar'itha (intention) – considered the Five Manifestations of the Father of Greatness which may provide the clue to the meaning of the five trees. These five would therefore be the causal factors in the experience of the Real.
Marvin Meyer writes: "The "five trees" in paradise are mentioned frequently in gnostic texts, ordinarily without explanation or elaboration. In Manichaean Psalm Book 161,17-29, it is said that various features of life and faith are put together in groups of five. This section opens with the statement, 'For [five] are the trees that are in paradise ... in summer and winter.' On the trees in paradise according to Genesis, see Genesis 2:9."[4]
Senses[edit]
According to the Naassenes,[citation needed] "Paradise" in this allegory represents the human head. It has been suggested[by whom?] that the "five trees" represent the five human senses which produce one's internal worldview, knowledge of which is a requirement for purification and enlightenment. However, the body's five senses – representative of lower-level egoism and learned misperception — would more likely[citation needed] be considered an impediment to reunion with the divine.
Kabbalah[edit]
The "five trees" may[citation needed] relate to the Five Worlds of Jewish Kabbalah, which form a descending chain. Each of these worlds is associated[how?][citation needed] with a "level" of the human soul, such that the spiritual progress of the soul upward toward unity with God mirrors an ascent through the astral worlds. From highest to lowest:
- Adam Kadmon ("primordial man"), associated with yechidah (oneness with God)
- Atziluth ("emanation"), associated with chayah (partaking of God)
- Beri'ah ("creation"), associated with neshamah (moral sense)
- Yetzirah ("formation"), associated with ruach (intellect)
- Asiyah ("action"), associated with nephesh (natural instinct)
Hindu parallels[edit]
There is a theory that Jesus traveled to India during his "missing years," and various Christian sects in India, such as the Saint Thomas Christians, trace their origins specifically to the Apostle Thomas. There are several places in Hindu mythology where "five trees" appear:
The Hindu gods' celestial abode, Svarga, features a garden (Nandana) with five trees, whose species may be identified as:[5]
- Mandara (Erythrina stricta)
- Parijata (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis); the specific tree in the garden,
- Samtanaka, "a tree of wonder having leaves which promote fertility in men"[5]
- Haricandana (Santalum album), the sandalwood tree, which keeps away evil spirits
- Kalpavriksha, the tree of eternity, which arose from the churning of the ocean of milk[5] and can grant wishes
Temples dedicated to Lord Shiva will also be surrounded by five species of sacred evergreen tree, as detailed in the Puranas: the Amala (Phyllanthus emblica), banyan (Ficus benghalensis), bel (Aegle marmelos), neem (Azadirachta indica), and pipal (Ficus religiosa).[citation needed]
Furthermore, "the flowers of five trees — asoka, mango, navamal lika (Ixora parviflora), pink lotus (Nelumbe nucifera), and blue lotus (Nymphae stellata) — adorn the tip of the bow of Kama, the god of love."[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Thomas Oden Lambdin. Craig Schenk (ed.). "The Gospel of Thomas". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
- ^ Curtin, D. P.; James, M.R. (June 2018). The Acts of St. Thomas in India. Dalcassian Publishing Company. ISBN 9781087965710.
- ^ Franz Cumont (1908). Recherches sur le manichéisme. Vol. 1. Bruxelles: H. Lamertin. p. 19, note 3.
- ^ Marvin Meyer (2004). The Gospel of Thomas: The Hidden Sayings of Jesus (2nd Revised ed.). San Francisco: HarperOne. pp. 77–78. ISBN 006065581X.
- ^ a b c d "Sacred Trees". salagram.net. Retrieved 2023-02-27.
External links[edit]
- "Five" in Manichaean myth Archived 2004-12-12 at the Wayback Machine
- Gospel of Thomas